The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has advised States and Union Territories to regulate stem cell therapy. It may be offered as standard care only for Ministry-approved diseases, such as certain blood cancers and blood disorders. For autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is limited to approved clinical trials and cannot be sold as standard treatment. Trials must follow the National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research, 2017, of ICMR and the Department of Biotechnology. Unauthorised use or advertising can attract action under the Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010. Bone marrow transplantation remains established treatment for leukaemia and thalassemia.