A landmark United Nations report warns the world will likely breach the 1.5°C warming limit around 2030, though a temporary overshoot could be reversed later this century. The Paris Agreement (2015) seeks to keep warming well below 2°C and pursue 1.5°C; the world is already about 1.4°C warmer than pre-industrial levels. With rapid fossil-fuel phase-out, warming could peak near 1.8°C, then carbon removal could bring it back to 1.5°C or below. Tree planting and ecosystem restoration can remove carbon, but rock weathering and ocean alkalinity enhancement remain unproven at scale.