Seven fish species found only in the Tamirabharani River of Tamil Nadu are under threat from pollution, habitat loss and invasive species. The river has 125 identified fish species. Dawkinsia tambraparniei (Tamirabharani Seval Kendai) is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List; other endemics include Haludaria kannikattiensis, Garra kalakadensis, Garra joshuai, Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis, Mesonoemacheilus tambaraparniensis and Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei. Key threats are untreated sewage, habitat destruction, loss of riparian vegetation and invasive fish such as tilapia and African catfish. The Tamirabharani is the only Tamil Nadu river that both rises and meets the sea within the State.