Madras, founded at Fort St. George in 1639, began as a trading post exporting cotton piece goods, indigo and hides. In 1899 Alfred Chatterton of the College of Engineering, Guindy, was tasked with promoting industrial technical education. The artificial harbour of the 1880s made it a working port. Simpson began coach building in 1840; Binny's Buckingham Mill (1876) and Carnatic Mill (1881) employed thousands at Perambur. Indian Bank (1907) and IOB (1937) started here. By 1948 Standard Motor Products and Ashok Leyland had arrived, Enfield India began two-wheelers in 1956, and Guindy Industrial Estate opened in 1958.