The Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) has published a report titled "Healing Soils in India: For Better Crop Health and Human Nutrition". It blames soil degradation mainly on excessive urea use, intensive farming, monocropping, burning of crop residue and waterlogging in paddy fields. India loses about 5.3 billion tonnes of topsoil each year, together with 5.4-8.4 million tonnes of nutrients, through erosion. Poor soil lowers nutrient uptake and crop quality and contributes to hidden hunger among children through zinc and iron deficiency. Schemes such as the Soil Health Card Scheme, PM-PRANAM, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and Neem-Coated Urea aim to address this.