The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has proposed bringing in Bharat Stage VII (BS-VII) emission standards for passenger cars starting 1 April 2029. The norms seek to curb vehicular pollution through tighter exhaust limits, tests under real-world driving and on-board monitoring of emissions. Rollout is planned in three stages — April 2029, April 2031 and April 2035 — covering exhaust, brake particles, tyre wear and battery durability. Petrol, diesel, CNG, ethanol-blended, hydrogen, hybrid and electric vehicles are all covered; EV batteries must retain no less than 75% of their performance over 5 years or 100,000 km. A proposed Environmental Vehicle Passport will show emission, fuel-use and battery-health data. India currently follows BS-VI, in force nationwide since April 2020.