BJP MP Nishikant Dubey moved a Substantive Motion against Rahul Gandhi in the Lok Sabha. A substantive motion is a self-contained proposal, not tied to other business, that seeks a definite and binding decision of the House; once adopted it expresses the House's formal opinion. Under the Lok Sabha Rules of Procedure, it can be admitted only with the Speaker's (Om Birla) approval. If admitted, it is debated, must be put to a vote, and may be referred to a special committee. Such motions are rarely used and offer a formal route for matters involving constitutional posts like the Leader of the Opposition.