Indian Railways has commissioned Kavach 4.0 over 1,452 route km on its busy Delhi–Mumbai and Delhi–Howrah high-density corridors. Kavach is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed in India. It helps avoid train collisions by taking control of speed and applying brakes automatically when needed, reducing dependence on the loco pilot's reaction alone. Extending it across these heavily used routes is a major step in improving the safety of rail operations.