The Ministry of Jal Shakti released the Dynamic Groundwater Resource Assessment Report 2025. Annual recharge is about 448.52 billion cubic metres (BCM) and extraction about 247.22 BCM, so the stage of extraction is 60.63%. Of 6,746 assessment units, 73.4% are safe, 10.5% semi-critical, 3.05% critical and 11.1% over-exploited. Over-exploited units are concentrated in the north-west, the west and parts of South India, including Tamil Nadu. About 1.8% of units have saline groundwater.