The Department of Science and Technology (DST) released the Research and Development (R&D) Statistics 2025–26. India's Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) reached a record 0.84% of GDP in 2023–24, up from 0.64% in 2020–21, and more than tripled to ₹2.45 lakh crore from ₹79,356 crore in 2013–14.
India ranked third in scientific publications in 2022 after China and the US, and filed 1.10 lakh patents in 2024–25. The private sector's R&D share rose to 45.2%, women made up 29% of the R&D workforce, and India had about 5 lakh full-time researchers, or 354 per million people.