The World Bank held up Karnataka's 2014 fiscal reform as an example for other States. Karnataka began counting the borrowings of its Public Sector Undertakings and Special Purpose Vehicles as State liabilities, which improved transparency, curbed off-budget borrowing and tightened budget discipline. Since off-budget debt can conceal a State's true liabilities, the Bank recommended a standardised reporting framework for such borrowing, to be enforced by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.